Three ways of extending one colour into a family, and they behave differently enough that choosing the wrong one is a common reason a palette feels cheap. Adding white, adding black and adding grey do not produce comparable results.

Try it
Pick any colour and see where it goes towards white and towards black. Bright yellows run out of room at the light end.
Towards white (tints)
Towards black (shades)
The "Aa" on each step is set in whichever of black or white reads better on it. A step marked large only cannot carry body text in either.
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