Charles Sanders Peirce en.wikipedia.org sorted signs by how they reach the thing they stand for. An icon reaches it by resemblance. A portrait, a map, the little figure on a lavatory door. An index reaches it by a real connection: smoke and fire, a symptom and the illness, a pointing finger and whatever is over there. A symbol en.wikipedia.org reaches it by what Peirce called imputed character, which means by habit and agreement and nothing else, so the red octagon at the end of your road means stop for no reason that anybody can point to in the shape.


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